Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might; for there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, whither thou goest. ~ quoting from shog9 (user811) Feel free to edit/improve any of my questions/posts/answers. Favorite mantra C/C++ drama queens like to repeat: undefined behavior can cause the universe to explode . ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ©